Yes you can send a bunch of cc settings or even a whole sysex patch (program patch) to the synth out of your midi out from the daw.
Couple instances where it works for me, I keep pretty much constant midi routings in a template in my daw. So when I play my prophet 10 everything gets recorded to the track in the daw which I have constantly routed to come out to the synth also. There is no thru action so there is no loop.
So then when I move around in the daw with the cursor, I can change the sound of the synth to wherever in the recording it sounded.
I also send patches sometimes directly from an external patch 'library'. Actually it's my Elgato stream deck using the sysex option of a midi plugin there to send a sysex block across the constant routing I created just for that purpose. Easy to do if you are all set up with the routings constant.