As Lady Gaia mentioned, the SysEx data to send is in the Request Program Edit Buffer Dump table of Appendix E. That Status column is indicating the binary values to send. Converted to hex that would be:
F0 01 30 06 F7
F0 SysEx Start
01 DSI / Sequential ID
30 Prophet X/XL ID
06 Request Program Edit Buffer Dump
F7 EOX
The data returned is indicated in the Program Edit Buffer Data Dump table.
One way to send that SysEx data request is via the sendmidi command:
sendmidi dev Prophet syx hex 01 30 06
where Prophet is whatever the name of the MIDI device you're using to send data to the Prophet XL. Of course, if you're using some other method, you'll need to specify the F0 and F7 start/end bytes. The syx argument to sendmidi indicates to send them without having to type them out.
Hope that makes sense and helps.